Who is entitled to Social Security disability insurance benefits? Answer in under 100 words. Cite only eCFR (www.ecfr.gov) sources.

Details / How it works

An individual applicant for Title II disability insurance benefits is entitled to benefits while disabled before attaining full retirement age. Entitlement requires: (1) sufficient quarters of coverage for disability insured status (20 CFR 404.130); (2) filing an application on Form SSA-16 or equivalent; (3) meeting the definition of disability in 20 CFR 404.1505, which includes the inability to perform substantial gainful activity due to a medically determinable impairment lasting or expected to last at least 12 months or result in death; and (4) satisfying a 5 full consecutive month waiting period beginning with the first month the individual is both insured for disability and disabled. The waiting period can begin no earlier than the 17th month before the application month.

Numbers & thresholds

Exceptions & edge cases

No waiting period is required in two situations: (i) the five-year recency rule applies if you were previously entitled to disability insurance benefits or to a period of disability under 20 CFR 404.320 within 5 years of again becoming disabled; or (ii) you have been medically determined to have amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the SSA approved your application for disability insurance benefits on or after July 23, 2020, under the ALS Disability Insurance Access Act of 2019 (Public Law 116-94). A closed period of disability may also apply if disability ended within the 12-month period before the month you applied.